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Energy use of biomass
Střecha, Josef ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The main task of this thesis is the research of different types of biomass, description of each technology subsequent to obtaining thermal energy for central sources of heat and the mapping of use biomass in a cogeneration production of electric energy and heat. The first part of this thesis deals with the creation and definition of biomass, chemical and physical properties, basic distribution and showing examples of individual representatives. The next part of this thesis describes various options of energy usage of biomass subsequent to obtaining energy for central sources of heat. The last part is concentrating to individual power units in Czech Republic, which exploiting biomass for cogeneration production electric power and heat.
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Technologies for energy use of biomass
Záviška, Radek ; Škvařil, Jan (referee) ; Moskalík, Jiří (advisor)
The objective of this work is developing retrieval technology of biomass energy. In the introductory part of the work deals with the definition of biomass, including ways of producing machines for the production and transportation. The main part of the thesis deals with the technology converts raw biomass into valuable energy products. Processing takes place in a straightforward manner the thermal and electrical energy or biomass is indirectly evaluates the products of higher quality, which further downstream processing operations. The indirect processes occur valuable usable energy output in transport, buildings, agriculture and many other industries.
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Preparation of natural food supplements for children's nutrition
Kubisová, Petra ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis is focused on complex characterization of chosen superfoods and subsequent composition of supplement suitable for children´s nutrition. Different kinds of superfoods were chosen for analyses, such as: barley grass (Hordeum vulgare), wheat grass (Triticum aestivum), moringa (Moringa oleifera), matcha tea (Camellia sinensis), microalgae chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum) and sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum). The theoretical part is focused on children´s nutrition issue and the most common food allergies and intolerances. Also, children food products legislation and characterization of chosen samples are included in theoretical part. Main macronutrients, such as saccharides, lipids and proteins, were analysed in the very beginning of experimental part. Fibre, fructan and -glucan, which have a high impact on intestinal microbiome and whole process of digestion, were analysed as well. However, barley grass was the best evaluated sample by containing 205,5 mg/g of insoluble fibre; 152,57 mg/g of fructans and 18,76 mg/g of -glucans. Finally, for complex nutritional profile, also samples pigments were analysed. Spectrophotometry, HPLC chromatography, gas chromatography and other analytical techniques were performed for experiments.
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Vliv struktury krmných směsí na parametry metabolismu pomalu rostoucích kuřat
Čumplík, Lukáš
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of the structure of feed mixtures on the metabolism parameters of slow-growing broilers. The issue of this topic was documented in the literature review. In the experimental part, an experiment was described regarding the determination of the influence of the structure of feed mixtures on nitrogen retention, ileal digestibility, parameters of organs of the digestive tract, histomorphometric parameters and the structure of feces. For research purposes, 120 slow-growing Hubbard JA 57 broilers were fattened for 49 days. During the fattening period, all broilers were fed feed mixtures identical in terms of nutrients, they differed only in the structure of the feed. 3 different textures were created - fine, medium and coarse. The feed mixtures were sieved through a system of sieves to determine the proportion of particle sizes. The influence of the structure of the feed mixtures on nitrogen retention was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the BR3 feed mixture, when it was shown that coarse particles have a positive effect on nitrogen retention. The results were not statistically significant for the BR2 feed mixture (P>0.05). When investigating the influence of the structure of the feed mixtures on the parameters of the organs of the digestive tract, a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the height of the muscle of the gizzard. For the other investigated parameters, the results were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Regarding the histomorphometric measurement, a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between the coarse feed mixture and the ratio of the length of the villi and the depth of the crypts in the duodenum and the depth of the crypts in the ileum. At the same time, it was evaluated as a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the structure of the feed and the structure of the droppings.
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Hodnocení řepné kampaně cukrovaru České Meziříčí
Bašková, Barbora
The bachelor thesis called "Evaluation of the beet campaign of the České Meziříčí sugar refinery" aimed to outline the issue of cultivation and evaluation of the quality of sugar beet. In particular, it focuses on factors affecting the yield and quality of the sugar beet. In the practical part, the results of the beet campaign from 1996 to 2018 were graphi-cally processed and evaluated. From the results it was found that sugar beet is a very sen-sitive crop, which is closely dependent on climatic conditions. If during the vegetation of sugar beet unfavorable or on the contrary favorable climatic conditions occur, decreases or increases of yields and sugar content occur.
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METHODS OF POLY-3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE EXTRACTION AND THEIR OPTIMIZATION
Pospíšilová, Aneta ; Plachá,, Daniela (referee) ; Kowalczuk, Marek (referee) ; Přikryl, Radek (advisor)
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrát (PHB) je biolodegradovatelný a biokompatibilní termoplastický polymer se širokou škálou potenciálních aplikací. Výroba PHB typicky zahrnuje fermentaci obnovitelných surovin bakteriemi. Získávání PHB z bakterií je však často náročné a neefektivní. V této práci jsou zkoumány a porovnány různé metody pro získání PHB, včetně digesce, mechanického rozrušení a extrakce. Jsou diskutovány různé optimalizační strategie, které lze použít ke zlepšení účinnosti izolace PHB. Experimentální a výsledková část popisuje snahy o zlepšení metod izolace, zejména kyselé a mýdlové digesce, které byly vybrány jako potenciálně ekonomické, bezpečné a šetrné k životnímu prostředí. Společně s našimi průmyslovými partnery jsme tyto technologie úspěšně otestovali v čtvrtprovozním měřítku a plánuje se další vývoj. Řešily se také možné aplikace a komercializace PHB. Bylo zjištěno, že PHB může nahradit některé mikroplasty v kosmetice a že toto úsilí má potenciál, protože přítomnost mikroplastů v běžných výrobcích je stále vysoká a na úrovni Evropské unie je plánován jejich zákaz. Dále byla studována tepelná stabilita PHB v závislosti na metodě získávání a byly vyvinuty dvě stabilizační metody, které umožnily použít PHB získaný digescí za použití mýdla v materiálových aplikacích.
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Digestive proteases of termites
Čermáková, Markéta ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee)
Digestive proteolysis in termites has not been studied yet. In this diploma thesis, proteolytic enzymes of the digestive tract of two significant pest species Reticulitermes santonensis and Coptotermes formosanus (Rhinotermitidae) were analyzed. Proteases were identified and quantified in gut compartments using a panel of specific substrates and inhibitors. Major proteases were localized in the midgut and were classified as endogenous serine proteases of trypsin type. Minor cysteine proteases were detected in the paunch and were most likely produced by symbionts. The trypsin protease from R. santonensis was chromatographically isolated and its N-terminal sequence was identified. The physiological importance of the digestive trypsin proteases was demonstrated using selective inhibitors tested in vivo with C. formosanus. Based on the analysis of proteases from additional 12 termite species, a general scheme of digestive proteolysis in the order Isoptera was proposed. (In Czech)
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Digestion as an interdisciplinary topic in science education
Šarboch, David ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Martínek, Václav (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on creating educational materials (educational text and educational animation) for secondary schools emerging topic of digestion in human body. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part the following terms are defined: interdisciplinarity, visualization and animation. Moreover, the presence of the topic in the RVP G and analysis of accesible videos and animations, made in relation with the topic, are investigated. Results of both form a base to create educational materials within the practical part. Finally, a chapter about quantitative research method - questionnaire is incorporated. In the practical part of the diploma thesis, the results of realised questionnaire research are disscused. This questionnaire investigated the state of teaching of digestion in human body at secondary schools. The next chapter is dedicated to a manual for educational animation, the introduction of the programme Adobe Flash Professional CS6 and an educational text. The educational text is devoted to teachers at the first place and consists of basic as well as wider information gathering chemical and biological knowledge, which are related to the topic of the educational animation. The animation itself is put as the attachement on CD-ROM. Both of the...
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Physiology and functional anatomy of nectarivorous birds
Sejfová, Zuzana ; Janeček, Štěpán (advisor) ; Sam, Kateřina (referee)
Hummingbirds, sunbirds and a large part of honeyeaters belong to the most specialized nectarivores. During the evolution they have developed a number of adaptations in reaction to the specificity of their diet. The amount of studies focused on the adaptations connected with the digestion of nectar is not big, but is still growing. One of the characteristics of these birds is very fast and effective transport of consumed sugars across the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore they are tolerant to a very low nitrogen intake and extremely high daily intake of water. Sunbirds and honeyeaters are able to modulate the rate of water absorption in the intestine, but hummingbirds are not and they absorb almost all the consumed water. During the evolution excessive water intake together with a low concentration of salt presented in the diet led to changes in renal morphology that allows the production of an exceptionally dilute urine. The hovering flight of hummingbirds is well known and very well studied. The unique anatomy of hummingbird's wings allows the power production also during upstroke. Thanks to this hummingbirds are able to hover for a very long time and even in condition that are unsuitable for flight. Also sunbirds and honeyeaters sometimes hover during feeding. Nevertheless the mechanics of their hovering...
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Preparation of natural food supplements for children's nutrition
Kubisová, Petra ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis is focused on complex characterization of chosen superfoods and subsequent composition of supplement suitable for children´s nutrition. Different kinds of superfoods were chosen for analyses, such as: barley grass (Hordeum vulgare), wheat grass (Triticum aestivum), moringa (Moringa oleifera), matcha tea (Camellia sinensis), microalgae chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum) and sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum). The theoretical part is focused on children´s nutrition issue and the most common food allergies and intolerances. Also, children food products legislation and characterization of chosen samples are included in theoretical part. Main macronutrients, such as saccharides, lipids and proteins, were analysed in the very beginning of experimental part. Fibre, fructan and -glucan, which have a high impact on intestinal microbiome and whole process of digestion, were analysed as well. However, barley grass was the best evaluated sample by containing 205,5 mg/g of insoluble fibre; 152,57 mg/g of fructans and 18,76 mg/g of -glucans. Finally, for complex nutritional profile, also samples pigments were analysed. Spectrophotometry, HPLC chromatography, gas chromatography and other analytical techniques were performed for experiments.
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